source: code/branches/doc/src/libraries/core/Identifier.h @ 7373

/*
 *   ORXONOX - the hottest 3D action shooter ever to exist
 *                    > www.orxonox.net <
 *
 *
 *   License notice:
 *
 *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 *   modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 *   as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
 *   of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *   GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301, USA.
 *
 *   Author:
 *      Fabian 'x3n' Landau
 *   Co-authors:
 *      ...
 *
 */

/**
    @defgroup Identifier Identifier
    @ingroup Class
*/

/**
    @file
    @ingroup Class Identifier
    @brief Declaration of Identifier, definition of ClassIdentifier<T>.

    @anchor IdentifierExample

    An Identifier "identifies" the class of an object. It contains different information about
    the class: Its name and ID, a list of all instances of this class, a factory to create new
    instances of this class, and more.

    It also contains information about the inheritance of this class: It stores a list of the
    Identifiers of all parent-classes as well as a list of all child-classes. These relationships
    can be tested using functions like @c isA(), @c isChildOf(), @c isParentOf(), and more.

    Every Identifier is in fact a ClassIdentifier<T> (where T is the class that is identified
    by the Identifier), Identifier is just the common base-class.

    Example:
    @code
    MyClass* object = new MyClass();                                            // create an instance of MyClass

    object->getIdentifier()->getName();                                         // returns "MyClass"

    BaseObject* other = object->getIdentifier()->fabricate(0);                  // fabricates a new instance of MyClass


    // iterate through all objects of type MyClass:
    ObjectListBase* objects = object->getIdentifier()->getObjects();            // get a pointer to the object-list
    int count;
    for (Iterator<BaseObject> it = objects.begin(); it != objects.end(); ++it)  // iterate through the objects
        ++count;
    COUT(0) << count << std::endl;                                              // prints "2" because we created 2 instances of MyClass so far


    // test the class hierarchy
    object->getIdentifier()->isA(Class(MyClass));                               // returns true
    object->isA(Class(MyClass));                                                // returns true (short version)

    object->isA(Class(BaseClass));                                              // returns true if MyClass is a child of BaseClass

    Class(ChildClass)->isChildOf(object->getIdentifier());                      // returns true if ChildClass is a child of MyClass
    @endcode
*/

#ifndef _Identifier_H__
#define _Identifier_H__

#include "CorePrereqs.h"

#include <cassert>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <string>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <loki/TypeTraits.h>

#include "util/Debug.h"
#include "MetaObjectList.h"
#include "ObjectList.h"
#include "ObjectListBase.h"
#include "Super.h"

namespace orxonox
{
    // ###############################
    // ###       Identifier        ###
    // ###############################
    /**
        @brief The Identifier is used to identify the class of an object and to store information about the class.

        Each Identifier stores information about one class. The Identifier can then be used to identify
        this class. On the other hand it's also possible to get the corresponding Identifier of a class,
        for example by using the macro Class().

        @see See @ref IdentifierExample "Identifier.h" for more information and some examples.

        @note You can't directly create an Identifier, it's just the base-class of ClassIdentifier<T>.
    */
    class _CoreExport Identifier
    {
        public:
            /// Returns the name of the class the Identifier belongs to.
            inline const std::string& getName() const { return this->name_; }
            void setName(const std::string& name);

            /// Returns the network ID to identify a class through the network.
            inline const uint32_t getNetworkID() const { return this->networkID_; }
            void setNetworkID(uint32_t id);

            /// Returns the unique ID of the class.
            FORCEINLINE unsigned int getClassID() const { return this->classID_; }

            /// Returns the list of all existing objects of this class.
            inline ObjectListBase* getObjects() const { return this->objects_; }

            /// Sets the Factory.
            inline void addFactory(Factory* factory) { this->factory_ = factory; }
            /// Returns true if the Identifier has a Factory.
            inline bool hasFactory() const { return (this->factory_ != 0); }

            BaseObject* fabricate(BaseObject* creator);

            /// Returns true if the class can be loaded through XML.
            inline bool isLoadable() const { return this->bLoadable_; }
            /// Set the class to be loadable through XML or not.
            inline void setLoadable(bool bLoadable) { this->bLoadable_ = bLoadable; }

            bool isA(const Identifier* identifier) const;
            bool isExactlyA(const Identifier* identifier) const;
            bool isChildOf(const Identifier* identifier) const;
            bool isDirectChildOf(const Identifier* identifier) const;
            bool isParentOf(const Identifier* identifier) const;
            bool isDirectParentOf(const Identifier* identifier) const;


            /////////////////////////////
            ////// Class Hierarchy //////
            /////////////////////////////
            static void createClassHierarchy();

            /// Returns true, if a branch of the class-hierarchy is being created, causing all new objects to store their parents.
            inline static bool isCreatingHierarchy() { return (hierarchyCreatingCounter_s > 0); }

            /// Returns the parents of the class the Identifier belongs to.
            inline const std::set<const Identifier*>& getParents() const { return this->parents_; }
            /// Returns the begin-iterator of the parents-list.
            inline std::set<const Identifier*>::const_iterator getParentsBegin() const { return this->parents_.begin(); }
            /// Returns the end-iterator of the parents-list.
            inline std::set<const Identifier*>::const_iterator getParentsEnd() const { return this->parents_.end(); }

            /// Returns the children of the class the Identifier belongs to.
            inline const std::set<const Identifier*>& getChildren() const { return this->children_; }
            /// Returns the begin-iterator of the children-list.
            inline std::set<const Identifier*>::const_iterator getChildrenBegin() const { return this->children_.begin(); }
            /// Returns the end-iterator of the children-list.
            inline std::set<const Identifier*>::const_iterator getChildrenEnd() const { return this->children_.end(); }

            /// Returns the direct parents of the class the Identifier belongs to.
            inline const std::set<const Identifier*>& getDirectParents() const { return this->directParents_; }
            /// Returns the begin-iterator of the direct-parents-list.
            inline std::set<const Identifier*>::const_iterator getDirectParentsBegin() const { return this->directParents_.begin(); }
            /// Returns the end-iterator of the direct-parents-list.
            inline std::set<const Identifier*>::const_iterator getDirectParentsEnd() const { return this->directParents_.end(); }

            /// Returns the direct children the class the Identifier belongs to.
            inline const std::set<const Identifier*>& getDirectChildren() const { return this->directChildren_; }
            /// Returns the begin-iterator of the direct-children-list.
            inline std::set<const Identifier*>::const_iterator getDirectChildrenBegin() const { return this->directChildren_.begin(); }
            /// Returns the end-iterator of the direct-children-list.
            inline std::set<const Identifier*>::const_iterator getDirectChildrenEnd() const { return this->directChildren_.end(); }


            //////////////////////////
            ///// Identifier Map /////
            //////////////////////////
            static void destroyAllIdentifiers();

            static Identifier* getIdentifierByString(const std::string& name);
            static Identifier* getIdentifierByLowercaseString(const std::string& name);
            static Identifier* getIdentifierByID(uint32_t id);

            static void clearNetworkIDs();

            /// Returns the map that stores all Identifiers with their names.
            static inline const std::map<std::string, Identifier*>& getStringIdentifierMap() { return Identifier::getStringIdentifierMapIntern(); }
            /// Returns a const_iterator to the beginning of the map that stores all Identifiers with their names.
            static inline std::map<std::string, Identifier*>::const_iterator getStringIdentifierMapBegin() { return Identifier::getStringIdentifierMap().begin(); }
            /// Returns a const_iterator to the end of the map that stores all Identifiers with their names.
            static inline std::map<std::string, Identifier*>::const_iterator getStringIdentifierMapEnd() { return Identifier::getStringIdentifierMap().end(); }

            /// Returns the map that stores all Identifiers with their names in lowercase.
            static inline const std::map<std::string, Identifier*>& getLowercaseStringIdentifierMap() { return Identifier::getLowercaseStringIdentifierMapIntern(); }
            /// Returns a const_iterator to the beginning of the map that stores all Identifiers with their names in lowercase.
            static inline std::map<std::string, Identifier*>::const_iterator getLowercaseStringIdentifierMapBegin() { return Identifier::getLowercaseStringIdentifierMap().begin(); }
            /// Returns a const_iterator to the end of the map that stores all Identifiers with their names in lowercase.
            static inline std::map<std::string, Identifier*>::const_iterator getLowercaseStringIdentifierMapEnd() { return Identifier::getLowercaseStringIdentifierMap().end(); }

            /// Returns the map that stores all Identifiers with their IDs.
            static inline const std::map<uint32_t, Identifier*>& getIDIdentifierMap() { return Identifier::getIDIdentifierMapIntern(); }
            /// Returns a const_iterator to the beginning of the map that stores all Identifiers with their IDs.
            static inline std::map<uint32_t, Identifier*>::const_iterator getIDIdentifierMapBegin() { return Identifier::getIDIdentifierMap().begin(); }
            /// Returns a const_iterator to the end of the map that stores all Identifiers with their IDs.
            static inline std::map<uint32_t, Identifier*>::const_iterator getIDIdentifierMapEnd() { return Identifier::getIDIdentifierMap().end(); }


            /////////////////////////
            ///// Config Values /////
            /////////////////////////
            virtual void updateConfigValues(bool updateChildren = true) const = 0;

            /// Returns true if this class has at least one config value.
            inline bool hasConfigValues() const { return this->bHasConfigValues_; }

            void addConfigValueContainer(const std::string& varname, ConfigValueContainer* container);
            ConfigValueContainer* getConfigValueContainer(const std::string& varname);


            ///////////////////
            ///// XMLPort /////
            ///////////////////
            /// Returns the map that stores all XMLPort params.
            inline const std::map<std::string, XMLPortParamContainer*>& getXMLPortParamMap() const { return this->xmlportParamContainers_; }
            /// Returns a const_iterator to the beginning of the map that stores all XMLPort params.
            inline std::map<std::string, XMLPortParamContainer*>::const_iterator getXMLPortParamMapBegin() const { return this->xmlportParamContainers_.begin(); }
            /// Returns a const_iterator to the end of the map that stores all XMLPort params.
            inline std::map<std::string, XMLPortParamContainer*>::const_iterator getXMLPortParamMapEnd() const { return this->xmlportParamContainers_.end(); }

            /// Returns the map that stores all XMLPort objects.
            inline const std::map<std::string, XMLPortObjectContainer*>& getXMLPortObjectMap() const { return this->xmlportObjectContainers_; }
            /// Returns a const_iterator to the beginning of the map that stores all XMLPort objects.
            inline std::map<std::string, XMLPortObjectContainer*>::const_iterator getXMLPortObjectMapBegin() const { return this->xmlportObjectContainers_.begin(); }
            /// Returns a const_iterator to the end of the map that stores all XMLPort objects.
            inline std::map<std::string, XMLPortObjectContainer*>::const_iterator getXMLPortObjectMapEnd() const { return this->xmlportObjectContainers_.end(); }

            void addXMLPortParamContainer(const std::string& paramname, XMLPortParamContainer* container);
            XMLPortParamContainer* getXMLPortParamContainer(const std::string& paramname);

            void addXMLPortObjectContainer(const std::string& sectionname, XMLPortObjectContainer* container);
            XMLPortObjectContainer* getXMLPortObjectContainer(const std::string& sectionname);


        protected:
            Identifier();
            Identifier(const Identifier& identifier); // don't copy
            virtual ~Identifier();

            static Identifier* getIdentifierSingleton(const std::string& name, Identifier* proposal);
            virtual void createSuperFunctionCaller() const = 0;

            void initializeClassHierarchy(std::set<const Identifier*>* parents, bool bRootClass);

            /// Returns the map that stores all Identifiers with their names.
            static std::map<std::string, Identifier*>& getStringIdentifierMapIntern();
            /// Returns the map that stores all Identifiers with their names in lowercase.
            static std::map<std::string, Identifier*>& getLowercaseStringIdentifierMapIntern();
            /// Returns the map that stores all Identifiers with their network IDs.
            static std::map<uint32_t, Identifier*>& getIDIdentifierMapIntern();

            /// Returns the children of the class the Identifier belongs to.
            inline std::set<const Identifier*>& getChildrenIntern() const { return this->children_; }
            /// Returns the direct children of the class the Identifier belongs to.
            inline std::set<const Identifier*>& getDirectChildrenIntern() const { return this->directChildren_; }

            ObjectListBase* objects_;                                      //!< The list of all objects of this class

        private:
            /// Increases the hierarchyCreatingCounter_s variable, causing all new objects to store their parents.
            inline static void startCreatingHierarchy() { hierarchyCreatingCounter_s++; }
            /// Decreases the hierarchyCreatingCounter_s variable, causing the objects to stop storing their parents.
            inline static void stopCreatingHierarchy()  { hierarchyCreatingCounter_s--; }

            static std::map<std::string, Identifier*>& getTypeIDIdentifierMap();

            void initialize(std::set<const Identifier*>* parents);

            std::set<const Identifier*> parents_;                          //!< The parents of the class the Identifier belongs to
            mutable std::set<const Identifier*> children_;                 //!< The children of the class the Identifier belongs to

            std::set<const Identifier*> directParents_;                    //!< The direct parents of the class the Identifier belongs to
            mutable std::set<const Identifier*> directChildren_;           //!< The direct children of the class the Identifier belongs to

            bool bCreatedOneObject_;                                       //!< True if at least one object of the given type was created (used to determine the need of storing the parents)
            bool bSetName_;                                                //!< True if the name is set
            bool bLoadable_;                                               //!< False = it's not permitted to load the object through XML
            std::string name_;                                             //!< The name of the class the Identifier belongs to
            Factory* factory_;                                             //!< The Factory, able to create new objects of the given class (if available)
            static int hierarchyCreatingCounter_s;                         //!< Bigger than zero if at least one Identifier stores its parents (its an int instead of a bool to avoid conflicts with multithreading)
            uint32_t networkID_;                                           //!< The network ID to identify a class through the network
            const unsigned int classID_;                                   //!< Uniquely identifies a class (might not be the same as the networkID_)
            static unsigned int classIDCounter_s;                          //!< Static counter for the unique classIDs

            bool bHasConfigValues_;                                        //!< True if this class has at least one assigned config value
            std::map<std::string, ConfigValueContainer*> configValues_;    //!< A map to link the string of configurable variables with their ConfigValueContainer

            std::map<std::string, XMLPortParamContainer*> xmlportParamContainers_;     //!< All loadable parameters
            std::map<std::string, XMLPortObjectContainer*> xmlportObjectContainers_;   //!< All attachable objects
    };

    _CoreExport std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const std::set<const Identifier*>& list);


    // ###############################
    // ###     ClassIdentifier     ###
    // ###############################
    /**
        @brief The ClassIdentifier is derived from Identifier and holds all class-specific functions and variables the Identifier cannot have.

        ClassIdentifier is a Singleton, which means that only one ClassIdentifier for a given type T exists.
        This makes it possible to store information about a class, sharing them with all
        objects of that class without defining static variables in every class.

        To be really sure that not more than exactly one object exists (even with libraries),
        ClassIdentifiers are stored in a static map in Identifier.
    */
    template <class T>
    class ClassIdentifier : public Identifier
    {
        #ifndef DOXYGEN_SHOULD_SKIP_THIS
          #define SUPER_INTRUSIVE_DECLARATION_INCLUDE
          #include "Super.h"
        #endif

        public:
            static ClassIdentifier<T>* getIdentifier();
            static ClassIdentifier<T>* getIdentifier(const std::string& name);

            bool initialiseObject(T* object, const std::string& className, bool bRootClass);

            void updateConfigValues(bool updateChildren = true) const;

        private:
            static void initialiseIdentifier();
            ClassIdentifier(const ClassIdentifier<T>& identifier) {}    // don't copy
            ClassIdentifier()
            {
                SuperFunctionInitialization<0, T>::initialize(this);
            }
            ~ClassIdentifier()
            {
                SuperFunctionDestruction<0, T>::destroy(this);
            }

            static ClassIdentifier<T>* classIdentifier_s;
    };

    template <class T>
    ClassIdentifier<T>* ClassIdentifier<T>::classIdentifier_s = 0;

    /**
        @brief Returns the only instance of this class.
        @return The unique Identifier
    */
    template <class T>
    inline ClassIdentifier<T>* ClassIdentifier<T>::getIdentifier()
    {
        // check if the Identifier already exists
        if (!ClassIdentifier<T>::classIdentifier_s)
            ClassIdentifier<T>::initialiseIdentifier();

        return ClassIdentifier<T>::classIdentifier_s;
    }

    /**
        @brief Does the same as getIdentifier() but sets the name if this wasn't done yet.
        @param name The name of this Identifier
        @return The Identifier
    */
    template <class T>
    inline ClassIdentifier<T>* ClassIdentifier<T>::getIdentifier(const std::string& name)
    {
        ClassIdentifier<T>* identifier = ClassIdentifier<T>::getIdentifier();
        identifier->setName(name);
        return identifier;
    }

    /**
        @brief Assigns the static field for the identifier singleton.
    */
    template <class T>
    void ClassIdentifier<T>::initialiseIdentifier()
    {
        // Get the name of the class
        const std::string& name = typeid(T).name();

        // create a new identifier anyway. Will be deleted in Identifier::getIdentifier if not used.
        ClassIdentifier<T>* proposal = new ClassIdentifier<T>();

        // Get the entry from the map
        ClassIdentifier<T>::classIdentifier_s = (ClassIdentifier<T>*)Identifier::getIdentifierSingleton(name, proposal);

        if (ClassIdentifier<T>::classIdentifier_s == proposal)
        {
            COUT(4) << "*** Identifier: Requested Identifier for " << name << " was not yet existing and got created." << std::endl;
        }
        else
        {
            COUT(4) << "*** Identifier: Requested Identifier for " << name << " was already existing and got assigned." << std::endl;
        }
    }

    /**
        @brief Adds an object of the given type to the ObjectList.
        @param object The object to add
        @param className The name of the class T
        @param bRootClass True if this is a root class (i.e. it inherits directly from OrxonoxClass)
    */
    template <class T>
    bool ClassIdentifier<T>::initialiseObject(T* object, const std::string& className, bool bRootClass)
    {
        if (bRootClass)
            COUT(5) << "*** Register Root-Object: " << className << std::endl;
        else
            COUT(5) << "*** Register Object: " << className << std::endl;

        object->identifier_ = this;
        if (Identifier::isCreatingHierarchy())
        {
            if (bRootClass && !object->parents_)
                object->parents_ = new std::set<const Identifier*>();

            if (object->parents_)
            {
                this->initializeClassHierarchy(object->parents_, bRootClass);
                object->parents_->insert(object->parents_->end(), this);
            }

            object->setConfigValues();
            return true;
        }
        else
        {
            COUT(5) << "*** ClassIdentifier: Added object to " << this->getName() << "-list." << std::endl;
            object->metaList_->add(this->objects_, this->objects_->add(new ObjectListElement<T>(object)));

            // Add pointer of type T to the map in the OrxonoxClass instance that enables "dynamic_casts"
            object->objectPointers_.push_back(std::make_pair(this->getClassID(), static_cast<void*>(object)));
            return false;
        }
    }

    /**
        @brief Updates the config-values of all existing objects of this class by calling their setConfigValues() function.
    */
    template <class T>
    void ClassIdentifier<T>::updateConfigValues(bool updateChildren) const
    {
        if (!this->hasConfigValues())
            return;

        for (ObjectListIterator<T> it = ObjectList<T>::begin(); it; ++it)
            it->setConfigValues();

        if (updateChildren)
            for (std::set<const Identifier*>::const_iterator it = this->getChildrenBegin(); it != this->getChildrenEnd(); ++it)
                (*it)->updateConfigValues(false);
    }


    // ###############################
    // ###      orxonox_cast       ###
    // ###############################
    /**
    @brief
        Casts on object of type OrxonoxClass to any derived type that is
        registered in the class hierarchy.
    @return
        Returns NULL if the cast is not possible
    @note
        In case of NULL return (and using MSVC), a dynamic_cast might still be possible if
        a class forgot to register its objects.
        Also note that the function is implemented differently for GCC/MSVC.
    */
    template <class T, class U>
    FORCEINLINE T orxonox_cast(U* source)
    {
#ifdef ORXONOX_COMPILER_MSVC
        typedef Loki::TypeTraits<typename Loki::TypeTraits<T>::PointeeType>::NonConstType ClassType;
        if (source != NULL)
            return source->template getDerivedPointer<ClassType>(ClassIdentifier<ClassType>::getIdentifier()->getClassID());
        else
            return NULL;
#else
        return dynamic_cast<T>(source);
#endif
    }
}

#endif /* _Identifier_H__ */