source: code/branches/questsystem5/src/bullet/BulletDynamics/ConstraintSolver/btHingeConstraint.cpp @ 2908

/*
Bullet Continuous Collision Detection and Physics Library
Copyright (c) 2003-2006 Erwin Coumans  http://continuousphysics.com/Bullet/

This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied warranty.
In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages arising from the use of this software.
Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose, 
including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it freely, 
subject to the following restrictions:

1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be appreciated but is not required.
2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being the original software.
3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.
*/


#include "btHingeConstraint.h"
#include "BulletDynamics/Dynamics/btRigidBody.h"
#include "LinearMath/btTransformUtil.h"
#include "LinearMath/btMinMax.h"
#include <new>


btHingeConstraint::btHingeConstraint()
: btTypedConstraint (HINGE_CONSTRAINT_TYPE),
m_enableAngularMotor(false)
{
}

btHingeConstraint::btHingeConstraint(btRigidBody& rbA,btRigidBody& rbB, const btVector3& pivotInA,const btVector3& pivotInB,
                                                                         btVector3& axisInA,btVector3& axisInB)
                                                                         :btTypedConstraint(HINGE_CONSTRAINT_TYPE, rbA,rbB),
                                                                         m_angularOnly(false),
                                                                         m_enableAngularMotor(false)
{
        m_rbAFrame.getOrigin() = pivotInA;
        
        // since no frame is given, assume this to be zero angle and just pick rb transform axis
        btVector3 rbAxisA1 = rbA.getCenterOfMassTransform().getBasis().getColumn(0);

        btVector3 rbAxisA2;
        btScalar projection = axisInA.dot(rbAxisA1);
        if (projection >= 1.0f - SIMD_EPSILON) {
                rbAxisA1 = -rbA.getCenterOfMassTransform().getBasis().getColumn(2);
                rbAxisA2 = rbA.getCenterOfMassTransform().getBasis().getColumn(1);
        } else if (projection <= -1.0f + SIMD_EPSILON) {
                rbAxisA1 = rbA.getCenterOfMassTransform().getBasis().getColumn(2);
                rbAxisA2 = rbA.getCenterOfMassTransform().getBasis().getColumn(1);      
        } else {
                rbAxisA2 = axisInA.cross(rbAxisA1);
                rbAxisA1 = rbAxisA2.cross(axisInA);
        }

        m_rbAFrame.getBasis().setValue( rbAxisA1.getX(),rbAxisA2.getX(),axisInA.getX(),
                                                                        rbAxisA1.getY(),rbAxisA2.getY(),axisInA.getY(),
                                                                        rbAxisA1.getZ(),rbAxisA2.getZ(),axisInA.getZ() );

        btQuaternion rotationArc = shortestArcQuat(axisInA,axisInB);
        btVector3 rbAxisB1 =  quatRotate(rotationArc,rbAxisA1);
        btVector3 rbAxisB2 =  axisInB.cross(rbAxisB1);  
        
        m_rbBFrame.getOrigin() = pivotInB;
        m_rbBFrame.getBasis().setValue( rbAxisB1.getX(),rbAxisB2.getX(),-axisInB.getX(),
                                                                        rbAxisB1.getY(),rbAxisB2.getY(),-axisInB.getY(),
                                                                        rbAxisB1.getZ(),rbAxisB2.getZ(),-axisInB.getZ() );
        
        //start with free
        m_lowerLimit = btScalar(1e30);
        m_upperLimit = btScalar(-1e30);
        m_biasFactor = 0.3f;
        m_relaxationFactor = 1.0f;
        m_limitSoftness = 0.9f;
        m_solveLimit = false;

}



btHingeConstraint::btHingeConstraint(btRigidBody& rbA,const btVector3& pivotInA,btVector3& axisInA)
:btTypedConstraint(HINGE_CONSTRAINT_TYPE, rbA), m_angularOnly(false), m_enableAngularMotor(false)
{

        // since no frame is given, assume this to be zero angle and just pick rb transform axis
        // fixed axis in worldspace
        btVector3 rbAxisA1, rbAxisA2;
        btPlaneSpace1(axisInA, rbAxisA1, rbAxisA2);

        m_rbAFrame.getOrigin() = pivotInA;
        m_rbAFrame.getBasis().setValue( rbAxisA1.getX(),rbAxisA2.getX(),axisInA.getX(),
                                                                        rbAxisA1.getY(),rbAxisA2.getY(),axisInA.getY(),
                                                                        rbAxisA1.getZ(),rbAxisA2.getZ(),axisInA.getZ() );

        btVector3 axisInB = rbA.getCenterOfMassTransform().getBasis() * -axisInA;

        btQuaternion rotationArc = shortestArcQuat(axisInA,axisInB);
        btVector3 rbAxisB1 =  quatRotate(rotationArc,rbAxisA1);
        btVector3 rbAxisB2 = axisInB.cross(rbAxisB1);


        m_rbBFrame.getOrigin() = rbA.getCenterOfMassTransform()(pivotInA);
        m_rbBFrame.getBasis().setValue( rbAxisB1.getX(),rbAxisB2.getX(),axisInB.getX(),
                                                                        rbAxisB1.getY(),rbAxisB2.getY(),axisInB.getY(),
                                                                        rbAxisB1.getZ(),rbAxisB2.getZ(),axisInB.getZ() );
        
        //start with free
        m_lowerLimit = btScalar(1e30);
        m_upperLimit = btScalar(-1e30);
        m_biasFactor = 0.3f;
        m_relaxationFactor = 1.0f;
        m_limitSoftness = 0.9f;
        m_solveLimit = false;
}

btHingeConstraint::btHingeConstraint(btRigidBody& rbA,btRigidBody& rbB, 
                                                                     const btTransform& rbAFrame, const btTransform& rbBFrame)
:btTypedConstraint(HINGE_CONSTRAINT_TYPE, rbA,rbB),m_rbAFrame(rbAFrame),m_rbBFrame(rbBFrame),
m_angularOnly(false),
m_enableAngularMotor(false)
{
        // flip axis
        m_rbBFrame.getBasis()[0][2] *= btScalar(-1.);
        m_rbBFrame.getBasis()[1][2] *= btScalar(-1.);
        m_rbBFrame.getBasis()[2][2] *= btScalar(-1.);

        //start with free
        m_lowerLimit = btScalar(1e30);
        m_upperLimit = btScalar(-1e30);
        m_biasFactor = 0.3f;
        m_relaxationFactor = 1.0f;
        m_limitSoftness = 0.9f;
        m_solveLimit = false;
}                       



btHingeConstraint::btHingeConstraint(btRigidBody& rbA, const btTransform& rbAFrame)
:btTypedConstraint(HINGE_CONSTRAINT_TYPE, rbA),m_rbAFrame(rbAFrame),m_rbBFrame(rbAFrame),
m_angularOnly(false),
m_enableAngularMotor(false)
{
        ///not providing rigidbody B means implicitly using worldspace for body B

        // flip axis
        m_rbBFrame.getBasis()[0][2] *= btScalar(-1.);
        m_rbBFrame.getBasis()[1][2] *= btScalar(-1.);
        m_rbBFrame.getBasis()[2][2] *= btScalar(-1.);

        m_rbBFrame.getOrigin() = m_rbA.getCenterOfMassTransform()(m_rbAFrame.getOrigin());

        //start with free
        m_lowerLimit = btScalar(1e30);
        m_upperLimit = btScalar(-1e30); 
        m_biasFactor = 0.3f;
        m_relaxationFactor = 1.0f;
        m_limitSoftness = 0.9f;
        m_solveLimit = false;
}

void    btHingeConstraint::buildJacobian()
{
        m_appliedImpulse = btScalar(0.);

        if (!m_angularOnly)
        {
                btVector3 pivotAInW = m_rbA.getCenterOfMassTransform()*m_rbAFrame.getOrigin();
                btVector3 pivotBInW = m_rbB.getCenterOfMassTransform()*m_rbBFrame.getOrigin();
                btVector3 relPos = pivotBInW - pivotAInW;

                btVector3 normal[3];
                if (relPos.length2() > SIMD_EPSILON)
                {
                        normal[0] = relPos.normalized();
                }
                else
                {
                        normal[0].setValue(btScalar(1.0),0,0);
                }

                btPlaneSpace1(normal[0], normal[1], normal[2]);

                for (int i=0;i<3;i++)
                {
                        new (&m_jac[i]) btJacobianEntry(
                                m_rbA.getCenterOfMassTransform().getBasis().transpose(),
                                m_rbB.getCenterOfMassTransform().getBasis().transpose(),
                                pivotAInW - m_rbA.getCenterOfMassPosition(),
                                pivotBInW - m_rbB.getCenterOfMassPosition(),
                                normal[i],
                                m_rbA.getInvInertiaDiagLocal(),
                                m_rbA.getInvMass(),
                                m_rbB.getInvInertiaDiagLocal(),
                                m_rbB.getInvMass());
                }
        }

        //calculate two perpendicular jointAxis, orthogonal to hingeAxis
        //these two jointAxis require equal angular velocities for both bodies

        //this is unused for now, it's a todo
        btVector3 jointAxis0local;
        btVector3 jointAxis1local;
        
        btPlaneSpace1(m_rbAFrame.getBasis().getColumn(2),jointAxis0local,jointAxis1local);

        getRigidBodyA().getCenterOfMassTransform().getBasis() * m_rbAFrame.getBasis().getColumn(2);
        btVector3 jointAxis0 = getRigidBodyA().getCenterOfMassTransform().getBasis() * jointAxis0local;
        btVector3 jointAxis1 = getRigidBodyA().getCenterOfMassTransform().getBasis() * jointAxis1local;
        btVector3 hingeAxisWorld = getRigidBodyA().getCenterOfMassTransform().getBasis() * m_rbAFrame.getBasis().getColumn(2);
                
        new (&m_jacAng[0])      btJacobianEntry(jointAxis0,
                m_rbA.getCenterOfMassTransform().getBasis().transpose(),
                m_rbB.getCenterOfMassTransform().getBasis().transpose(),
                m_rbA.getInvInertiaDiagLocal(),
                m_rbB.getInvInertiaDiagLocal());

        new (&m_jacAng[1])      btJacobianEntry(jointAxis1,
                m_rbA.getCenterOfMassTransform().getBasis().transpose(),
                m_rbB.getCenterOfMassTransform().getBasis().transpose(),
                m_rbA.getInvInertiaDiagLocal(),
                m_rbB.getInvInertiaDiagLocal());

        new (&m_jacAng[2])      btJacobianEntry(hingeAxisWorld,
                m_rbA.getCenterOfMassTransform().getBasis().transpose(),
                m_rbB.getCenterOfMassTransform().getBasis().transpose(),
                m_rbA.getInvInertiaDiagLocal(),
                m_rbB.getInvInertiaDiagLocal());


        // Compute limit information
        btScalar hingeAngle = getHingeAngle();  

        //set bias, sign, clear accumulator
        m_correction = btScalar(0.);
        m_limitSign = btScalar(0.);
        m_solveLimit = false;
        m_accLimitImpulse = btScalar(0.);

//      if (m_lowerLimit < m_upperLimit)
        if (m_lowerLimit <= m_upperLimit)
        {
//              if (hingeAngle <= m_lowerLimit*m_limitSoftness)
                if (hingeAngle <= m_lowerLimit)
                {
                        m_correction = (m_lowerLimit - hingeAngle);
                        m_limitSign = 1.0f;
                        m_solveLimit = true;
                } 
//              else if (hingeAngle >= m_upperLimit*m_limitSoftness)
                else if (hingeAngle >= m_upperLimit)
                {
                        m_correction = m_upperLimit - hingeAngle;
                        m_limitSign = -1.0f;
                        m_solveLimit = true;
                }
        }

        //Compute K = J*W*J' for hinge axis
        btVector3 axisA =  getRigidBodyA().getCenterOfMassTransform().getBasis() *  m_rbAFrame.getBasis().getColumn(2);
        m_kHinge =   1.0f / (getRigidBodyA().computeAngularImpulseDenominator(axisA) +
                                     getRigidBodyB().computeAngularImpulseDenominator(axisA));

}

void    btHingeConstraint::solveConstraint(btScalar     timeStep)
{

        btVector3 pivotAInW = m_rbA.getCenterOfMassTransform()*m_rbAFrame.getOrigin();
        btVector3 pivotBInW = m_rbB.getCenterOfMassTransform()*m_rbBFrame.getOrigin();

        btScalar tau = btScalar(0.3);

        //linear part
        if (!m_angularOnly)
        {
                btVector3 rel_pos1 = pivotAInW - m_rbA.getCenterOfMassPosition(); 
                btVector3 rel_pos2 = pivotBInW - m_rbB.getCenterOfMassPosition();

                btVector3 vel1 = m_rbA.getVelocityInLocalPoint(rel_pos1);
                btVector3 vel2 = m_rbB.getVelocityInLocalPoint(rel_pos2);
                btVector3 vel = vel1 - vel2;

                for (int i=0;i<3;i++)
                {               
                        const btVector3& normal = m_jac[i].m_linearJointAxis;
                        btScalar jacDiagABInv = btScalar(1.) / m_jac[i].getDiagonal();

                        btScalar rel_vel;
                        rel_vel = normal.dot(vel);
                        //positional error (zeroth order error)
                        btScalar depth = -(pivotAInW - pivotBInW).dot(normal); //this is the error projected on the normal
                        btScalar impulse = depth*tau/timeStep  * jacDiagABInv -  rel_vel * jacDiagABInv;
                        m_appliedImpulse += impulse;
                        btVector3 impulse_vector = normal * impulse;
                        m_rbA.applyImpulse(impulse_vector, pivotAInW - m_rbA.getCenterOfMassPosition());
                        m_rbB.applyImpulse(-impulse_vector, pivotBInW - m_rbB.getCenterOfMassPosition());
                }
        }

        
        {
                ///solve angular part

                // get axes in world space
                btVector3 axisA =  getRigidBodyA().getCenterOfMassTransform().getBasis() *  m_rbAFrame.getBasis().getColumn(2);
                btVector3 axisB =  getRigidBodyB().getCenterOfMassTransform().getBasis() *  m_rbBFrame.getBasis().getColumn(2);

                const btVector3& angVelA = getRigidBodyA().getAngularVelocity();
                const btVector3& angVelB = getRigidBodyB().getAngularVelocity();

                btVector3 angVelAroundHingeAxisA = axisA * axisA.dot(angVelA);
                btVector3 angVelAroundHingeAxisB = axisB * axisB.dot(angVelB);

                btVector3 angAorthog = angVelA - angVelAroundHingeAxisA;
                btVector3 angBorthog = angVelB - angVelAroundHingeAxisB;
                btVector3 velrelOrthog = angAorthog-angBorthog;
                {
                        //solve orthogonal angular velocity correction
                        btScalar relaxation = btScalar(1.);
                        btScalar len = velrelOrthog.length();
                        if (len > btScalar(0.00001))
                        {
                                btVector3 normal = velrelOrthog.normalized();
                                btScalar denom = getRigidBodyA().computeAngularImpulseDenominator(normal) +
                                        getRigidBodyB().computeAngularImpulseDenominator(normal);
                                // scale for mass and relaxation
                                velrelOrthog *= (btScalar(1.)/denom) * m_relaxationFactor;
                        }

                        //solve angular positional correction
                        btVector3 angularError = -axisA.cross(axisB) *(btScalar(1.)/timeStep);
                        btScalar len2 = angularError.length();
                        if (len2>btScalar(0.00001))
                        {
                                btVector3 normal2 = angularError.normalized();
                                btScalar denom2 = getRigidBodyA().computeAngularImpulseDenominator(normal2) +
                                                getRigidBodyB().computeAngularImpulseDenominator(normal2);
                                angularError *= (btScalar(1.)/denom2) * relaxation;
                        }

                        m_rbA.applyTorqueImpulse(-velrelOrthog+angularError);
                        m_rbB.applyTorqueImpulse(velrelOrthog-angularError);

                        // solve limit
                        if (m_solveLimit)
                        {
                                btScalar amplitude = ( (angVelB - angVelA).dot( axisA )*m_relaxationFactor + m_correction* (btScalar(1.)/timeStep)*m_biasFactor  ) * m_limitSign;

                                btScalar impulseMag = amplitude * m_kHinge;

                                // Clamp the accumulated impulse
                                btScalar temp = m_accLimitImpulse;
                                m_accLimitImpulse = btMax(m_accLimitImpulse + impulseMag, btScalar(0) );
                                impulseMag = m_accLimitImpulse - temp;


                                btVector3 impulse = axisA * impulseMag * m_limitSign;
                                m_rbA.applyTorqueImpulse(impulse);
                                m_rbB.applyTorqueImpulse(-impulse);
                        }
                }

                //apply motor
                if (m_enableAngularMotor) 
                {
                        //todo: add limits too
                        btVector3 angularLimit(0,0,0);

                        btVector3 velrel = angVelAroundHingeAxisA - angVelAroundHingeAxisB;
                        btScalar projRelVel = velrel.dot(axisA);

                        btScalar desiredMotorVel = m_motorTargetVelocity;
                        btScalar motor_relvel = desiredMotorVel - projRelVel;

                        btScalar unclippedMotorImpulse = m_kHinge * motor_relvel;;
                        //todo: should clip against accumulated impulse
                        btScalar clippedMotorImpulse = unclippedMotorImpulse > m_maxMotorImpulse ? m_maxMotorImpulse : unclippedMotorImpulse;
                        clippedMotorImpulse = clippedMotorImpulse < -m_maxMotorImpulse ? -m_maxMotorImpulse : clippedMotorImpulse;
                        btVector3 motorImp = clippedMotorImpulse * axisA;

                        m_rbA.applyTorqueImpulse(motorImp+angularLimit);
                        m_rbB.applyTorqueImpulse(-motorImp-angularLimit);
                        
                }
        }

}

void    btHingeConstraint::updateRHS(btScalar   timeStep)
{
        (void)timeStep;

}

btScalar btHingeConstraint::getHingeAngle()
{
        const btVector3 refAxis0  = getRigidBodyA().getCenterOfMassTransform().getBasis() * m_rbAFrame.getBasis().getColumn(0);
        const btVector3 refAxis1  = getRigidBodyA().getCenterOfMassTransform().getBasis() * m_rbAFrame.getBasis().getColumn(1);
        const btVector3 swingAxis = getRigidBodyB().getCenterOfMassTransform().getBasis() * m_rbBFrame.getBasis().getColumn(1);

        return btAtan2Fast( swingAxis.dot(refAxis0), swingAxis.dot(refAxis1)  );
}