source: orxonox.OLD/orxonox/branches/showroom/Showroom/3ds.cpp @ 1869

//***********************************************************************//
//                                                                                                                                               //
//              - "Talk to me like I'm a 3 year old!" Programming Lessons -              //
//                                                                       //
//              $Author:                DigiBen         digiben@gametutorials.com                        //
//                                                                                                                                               //
//              $Program:               3DS Loader                                                                               //
//                                                                                                                                               //
//              $Description:   Demonstrates how to load a .3ds file format              //
//                                                                                                                                               //
//              $Date:                  10/6/01                                                                                  //
//                                                                                                                                               //
//***********************************************************************//

#include "3ds.h"
#include <assert.h>
#include <math.h>

// Global
int gBuffer[50000] = {0};                                       // This is used to read past unwanted data

// This file handles all of the code needed to load a .3DS file.
// Basically, how it works is, you load a chunk, then you check
// the chunk ID.  Depending on the chunk ID, you load the information
// that is stored in that chunk.  If you do not want to read that information,
// you read past it.  You know how many bytes to read past the chunk because
// every chunk stores the length in bytes of that chunk.

///////////////////////////////// CLOAD3DS \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*
/////
/////   This constructor initializes the tChunk data
/////
///////////////////////////////// CLOAD3DS \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*

CLoad3ds::CLoad3ds()
{
        m_FilePointer = NULL;
}

///////////////////////////////// IMPORT 3DS \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*
/////
/////   This is called by the client to open the .3ds file, read it, then clean up
/////
///////////////////////////////// IMPORT 3DS \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*

bool CLoad3ds::Import3DS(C3dModel *pModel, char *strFileName)
{
        char strMessage[255] = {0};
        tChunk currentChunk = {0};

        // Open the 3DS file
        m_FilePointer = fopen(strFileName, "rb");

        // Make sure we have a valid file pointer (we found the file)
        if(!m_FilePointer) 
        {
                sprintf(strMessage, "Unable to find the file: %s!", strFileName);
                MessageBox(NULL, strMessage, "Error", MB_OK);
                return false;
        }

        // Once we have the file open, we need to read the very first data chunk
        // to see if it's a 3DS file.  That way we don't read an invalid file.
        // If it is a 3DS file, then the first chunk ID will be equal to PRIMARY (some hex num)

        // Read the first chuck of the file to see if it's a 3DS file
        ReadChunk(&currentChunk);

        // Make sure this is a 3DS file
        if (currentChunk.ID != PRIMARY)
        {
                sprintf(strMessage, "Unable to load PRIMARY chuck from file: %s!", strFileName);
                MessageBox(NULL, strMessage, "Error", MB_OK);
                return false;
        }

        // Now we actually start reading in the data.  ProcessNextChunk() is recursive

        // Begin loading objects, by calling this recursive function
        ProcessNextChunk(pModel, &currentChunk);

        // After we have read the whole 3DS file, we want to calculate our own vertex normals.
        ComputeNormals(pModel);

        // Clean up after everything
        CleanUp();

        return true;
}

///////////////////////////////// CLEAN UP \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*
/////
/////   This function cleans up our allocated memory and closes the file
/////
///////////////////////////////// CLEAN UP \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*

void CLoad3ds::CleanUp()
{
        if (m_FilePointer) {
                fclose(m_FilePointer);                                  // Close the current file pointer
                m_FilePointer = NULL;
        }
}


///////////////////////////////// PROCESS NEXT CHUNK\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*
/////
/////   This function reads the main sections of the .3DS file, then dives deeper with recursion
/////
///////////////////////////////// PROCESS NEXT CHUNK\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*

void CLoad3ds::ProcessNextChunk(C3dModel *pModel, tChunk *pPreviousChunk)
{
        t3dObject newObject = {0};                                      // This is used to add to our object list
        tMaterialInfo newTexture = {0};                         // This is used to add to our material list

        tChunk currentChunk = {0};                                      // The current chunk to load
        tChunk tempChunk = {0};                                         // A temp chunk for holding data                

        // Below we check our chunk ID each time we read a new chunk.  Then, if
        // we want to extract the information from that chunk, we do so.
        // If we don't want a chunk, we just read past it.  

        // Continue to read the sub chunks until we have reached the length.
        // After we read ANYTHING we add the bytes read to the chunk and then check
        // check against the length.
        while (pPreviousChunk->bytesRead < pPreviousChunk->length)
        {
                // Read next Chunk
                ReadChunk(&currentChunk);

                // Check the chunk ID
                switch (currentChunk.ID)
                {
                case VERSION:                                                   // This holds the version of the file
                        
                        // If the file was made in 3D Studio Max, this chunk has an int that 
                        // holds the file version.  Since there might be new additions to the 3DS file
                        // format in 4.0, we give a warning to that problem.
                        // However, if the file wasn't made by 3D Studio Max, we don't 100% what the
                        // version length will be so we'll simply ignore the value

                        // Read the file version and add the bytes read to our bytesRead variable
                        currentChunk.bytesRead += fread(gBuffer, 1, currentChunk.length - currentChunk.bytesRead, m_FilePointer);

                        // If the file version is over 3, give a warning that there could be a problem
                        if ((currentChunk.length - currentChunk.bytesRead == 4) && (gBuffer[0] > 0x03)) {
                                MessageBox(NULL, "This 3DS file is over version 3 so it may load incorrectly", "Warning", MB_OK);
                        }
                        break;

                case OBJECTINFO:                                                // This holds the version of the mesh
                        {       
                        // This chunk holds the version of the mesh.  It is also the head of the MATERIAL
                        // and OBJECT chunks.  From here on we start reading in the material and object info.

                        // Read the next chunk
                        ReadChunk(&tempChunk);

                        // Get the version of the mesh
                        tempChunk.bytesRead += fread(gBuffer, 1, tempChunk.length - tempChunk.bytesRead, m_FilePointer);

                        // Increase the bytesRead by the bytes read from the last chunk
                        currentChunk.bytesRead += tempChunk.bytesRead;

                        // Go to the next chunk, which is the object has a texture, it should be MATERIAL, then OBJECT.
                        ProcessNextChunk(pModel, &currentChunk);
                        break;
                }
                case MATERIAL:                                                  // This holds the material information

                        // This chunk is the header for the material info chunks

                        // Increase the number of materials
                        pModel->numOfMaterials++;

                        // Add a empty texture structure to our texture list.
                        // If you are unfamiliar with STL's "vector" class, all push_back()
                        // does is add a new node onto the list.  I used the vector class
                        // so I didn't need to write my own link list functions.  
                        pModel->pMaterials.push_back(newTexture);

                        // Proceed to the material loading function
                        ProcessNextMaterialChunk(pModel, &currentChunk);
                        break;

                case OBJECT:                                                    // This holds the name of the object being read
                                
                        // This chunk is the header for the object info chunks.  It also
                        // holds the name of the object.

                        // Increase the object count
                        pModel->numOfObjects++;
                
                        // Add a new tObject node to our list of objects (like a link list)
                        pModel->pObject.push_back(newObject);
                        
                        // Initialize the object and all it's data members
                        memset(&(pModel->pObject[pModel->numOfObjects - 1]), 0, sizeof(t3dObject));

                        // Get the name of the object and store it, then add the read bytes to our byte counter.
                        currentChunk.bytesRead += GetString(pModel->pObject[pModel->numOfObjects - 1].strName);
                        
                        // Now proceed to read in the rest of the object information
                        ProcessNextObjectChunk(pModel, &(pModel->pObject[pModel->numOfObjects - 1]), &currentChunk);
                        break;

                case EDITKEYFRAME:

                        // Because I wanted to make this a SIMPLE tutorial as possible, I did not include
                        // the key frame information.  This chunk is the header for all the animation info.
                        // In a later tutorial this will be the subject and explained thoroughly.

                        //ProcessNextKeyFrameChunk(pModel, currentChunk);

                        // Read past this chunk and add the bytes read to the byte counter
                        currentChunk.bytesRead += fread(gBuffer, 1, currentChunk.length - currentChunk.bytesRead, m_FilePointer);
                        break;

                default: 
                        
                        // If we didn't care about a chunk, then we get here.  We still need
                        // to read past the unknown or ignored chunk and add the bytes read to the byte counter.
                        currentChunk.bytesRead += fread(gBuffer, 1, currentChunk.length - currentChunk.bytesRead, m_FilePointer);
                        break;
                }

                // Add the bytes read from the last chunk to the previous chunk passed in.
                pPreviousChunk->bytesRead += currentChunk.bytesRead;
        }
}


///////////////////////////////// PROCESS NEXT OBJECT CHUNK \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*
/////
/////   This function handles all the information about the objects in the file
/////
///////////////////////////////// PROCESS NEXT OBJECT CHUNK \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*

void CLoad3ds::ProcessNextObjectChunk(C3dModel *pModel, t3dObject *pObject, tChunk *pPreviousChunk)
{
        // The current chunk to work with
        tChunk currentChunk = {0};

        // Continue to read these chunks until we read the end of this sub chunk
        while (pPreviousChunk->bytesRead < pPreviousChunk->length)
        {
                // Read the next chunk
                ReadChunk(&currentChunk);

                // Check which chunk we just read
                switch (currentChunk.ID)
                {
                case OBJECT_MESH:                                       // This lets us know that we are reading a new object
                
                        // We found a new object, so let's read in it's info using recursion
                        ProcessNextObjectChunk(pModel, pObject, &currentChunk);
                        break;

                case OBJECT_VERTICES:                           // This is the objects vertices
                        ReadVertices(pObject, &currentChunk);
                        break;

                case OBJECT_FACES:                                      // This is the objects face information
                        ReadVertexIndices(pObject, &currentChunk);
                        break;

                case OBJECT_MATERIAL:                           // This holds the material name that the object has
                        
                        // This chunk holds the name of the material that the object has assigned to it.
                        // This could either be just a color or a texture map.  This chunk also holds
                        // the faces that the texture is assigned to (In the case that there is multiple
                        // textures assigned to one object, or it just has a texture on a part of the object.
                        // Since most of my game objects just have the texture around the whole object, and 
                        // they aren't multitextured, I just want the material name.

                        // We now will read the name of the material assigned to this object
                        ReadObjectMaterial(pModel, pObject, &currentChunk);                     
                        break;

                case OBJECT_UV:                                         // This holds the UV texture coordinates for the object

                        // This chunk holds all of the UV coordinates for our object.  Let's read them in.
                        ReadUVCoordinates(pObject, &currentChunk);
                        break;

                default:  

                        // Read past the ignored or unknown chunks
                        currentChunk.bytesRead += fread(gBuffer, 1, currentChunk.length - currentChunk.bytesRead, m_FilePointer);
                        break;
                }

                // Add the bytes read from the last chunk to the previous chunk passed in.
                pPreviousChunk->bytesRead += currentChunk.bytesRead;
        }
}


///////////////////////////////// PROCESS NEXT MATERIAL CHUNK \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*
/////
/////   This function handles all the information about the material (Texture)
/////
///////////////////////////////// PROCESS NEXT MATERIAL CHUNK \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*

void CLoad3ds::ProcessNextMaterialChunk(C3dModel *pModel, tChunk *pPreviousChunk)
{
        // The current chunk to work with
        tChunk currentChunk = {0};

        // Continue to read these chunks until we read the end of this sub chunk
        while (pPreviousChunk->bytesRead < pPreviousChunk->length)
        {
                // Read the next chunk
                ReadChunk(&currentChunk);

                // Check which chunk we just read in
                switch (currentChunk.ID)
                {
                case MATNAME:                                                   // This chunk holds the name of the material
                        
                        // Here we read in the material name
                        currentChunk.bytesRead += fread(pModel->pMaterials[pModel->numOfMaterials - 1].strName, 1, currentChunk.length - currentChunk.bytesRead, m_FilePointer);
                        break;

                case MATDIFFUSE:                                                // This holds the R G B color of our object
                        ReadColorChunk(&(pModel->pMaterials[pModel->numOfMaterials - 1]), &currentChunk);
                        break;
                
                case MATMAP:                                                    // This is the header for the texture info
                        
                        // Proceed to read in the material information
                        ProcessNextMaterialChunk(pModel, &currentChunk);
                        break;

                case MATMAPFILE:                                                // This stores the file name of the material

                        // Here we read in the material's file name
                        currentChunk.bytesRead += fread(pModel->pMaterials[pModel->numOfMaterials - 1].strFile, 1, currentChunk.length - currentChunk.bytesRead, m_FilePointer);
                        break;
                
                default:  

                        // Read past the ignored or unknown chunks
                        currentChunk.bytesRead += fread(gBuffer, 1, currentChunk.length - currentChunk.bytesRead, m_FilePointer);
                        break;
                }

                // Add the bytes read from the last chunk to the previous chunk passed in.
                pPreviousChunk->bytesRead += currentChunk.bytesRead;
        }
}

///////////////////////////////// READ CHUNK \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*
/////
/////   This function reads in a chunk ID and it's length in bytes
/////
///////////////////////////////// READ CHUNK \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*

void CLoad3ds::ReadChunk(tChunk *pChunk)
{
        // This reads the chunk ID which is 2 bytes.
        // The chunk ID is like OBJECT or MATERIAL.  It tells what data is
        // able to be read in within the chunks section.  
        pChunk->bytesRead = fread(&pChunk->ID, 1, 2, m_FilePointer);

        // Then, we read the length of the chunk which is 4 bytes.
        // This is how we know how much to read in, or read past.
        pChunk->bytesRead += fread(&pChunk->length, 1, 4, m_FilePointer);
}

///////////////////////////////// GET STRING \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*
/////
/////   This function reads in a string of characters
/////
///////////////////////////////// GET STRING \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*

int CLoad3ds::GetString(char *pBuffer)
{
        int index = 0;

        // Read 1 byte of data which is the first letter of the string
        fread(pBuffer, 1, 1, m_FilePointer);

        // Loop until we get NULL
        while (*(pBuffer + index++) != 0) {

                // Read in a character at a time until we hit NULL.
                fread(pBuffer + index, 1, 1, m_FilePointer);
        }

        // Return the string length, which is how many bytes we read in (including the NULL)
        return strlen(pBuffer) + 1;
}


///////////////////////////////// READ COLOR \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*
/////
/////   This function reads in the RGB color data
/////
///////////////////////////////// READ COLOR \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*

void CLoad3ds::ReadColorChunk(tMaterialInfo *pMaterial, tChunk *pChunk)
{
        tChunk tempChunk = {0};

        // Read the color chunk info
        ReadChunk(&tempChunk);

        // Read in the R G B color (3 bytes - 0 through 255)
        tempChunk.bytesRead += fread(pMaterial->color, 1, tempChunk.length - tempChunk.bytesRead, m_FilePointer);

        // Add the bytes read to our chunk
        pChunk->bytesRead += tempChunk.bytesRead;
}


///////////////////////////////// READ VERTEX INDECES \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*
/////
/////   This function reads in the indices for the vertex array
/////
///////////////////////////////// READ VERTEX INDECES \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*

void CLoad3ds::ReadVertexIndices(t3dObject *pObject, tChunk *pPreviousChunk)
{
        unsigned short index = 0;                                       // This is used to read in the current face index

        // In order to read in the vertex indices for the object, we need to first
        // read in the number of them, then read them in.  Remember,
        // we only want 3 of the 4 values read in for each face.  The fourth is
        // a visibility flag for 3D Studio Max that doesn't mean anything to us.

        // Read in the number of faces that are in this object (int)
        pPreviousChunk->bytesRead += fread(&pObject->iNumOfFaces, 1, 2, m_FilePointer);

        // Alloc enough memory for the faces and initialize the structure
        pObject->pFaces = new tFace [pObject->iNumOfFaces];
        memset(pObject->pFaces, 0, sizeof(tFace) * pObject->iNumOfFaces);

        // Go through all of the faces in this object
        for(int i = 0; i < pObject->iNumOfFaces; i++)
        {
                // Next, we read in the A then B then C index for the face, but ignore the 4th value.
                // The fourth value is a visibility flag for 3D Studio Max, we don't care about this.
                for(int j = 0; j < 4; j++)
                {
                        // Read the first vertice index for the current face 
                        pPreviousChunk->bytesRead += fread(&index, 1, sizeof(index), m_FilePointer);

                        if(j < 3)
                        {
                                // Store the index in our face structure.
                                pObject->pFaces[i].vertIndex[j] = index;
                        }
                }
        }
}


///////////////////////////////// READ UV COORDINATES \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*
/////
/////   This function reads in the UV coordinates for the object
/////
///////////////////////////////// READ UV COORDINATES \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*

void CLoad3ds::ReadUVCoordinates(t3dObject *pObject, tChunk *pPreviousChunk)
{
        // In order to read in the UV indices for the object, we need to first
        // read in the amount there are, then read them in.

        // Read in the number of UV coordinates there are (int)
        pPreviousChunk->bytesRead += fread(&pObject->iNumTexVertex, 1, 2, m_FilePointer);

        // Allocate memory to hold the UV coordinates
        pObject->pTexVerts = new CVector2 [pObject->iNumTexVertex];

        // Read in the texture coodinates (an array 2 float)
        pPreviousChunk->bytesRead += fread(pObject->pTexVerts, 1, pPreviousChunk->length - pPreviousChunk->bytesRead, m_FilePointer);
}


///////////////////////////////// READ VERTICES \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*
/////
/////   This function reads in the vertices for the object
/////
///////////////////////////////// READ VERTICES \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*

void CLoad3ds::ReadVertices(t3dObject *pObject, tChunk *pPreviousChunk)
{
        // Like most chunks, before we read in the actual vertices, we need
        // to find out how many there are to read in.  Once we have that number
        // we then fread() them into our vertice array.

        // Read in the number of vertices (int)
        pPreviousChunk->bytesRead += fread(&(pObject->iNumOfVerts), 1, 2, m_FilePointer);

        // Allocate the memory for the verts and initialize the structure
        pObject->pVerts = new CVector3 [pObject->iNumOfVerts];
        memset(pObject->pVerts, 0, sizeof(CVector3) * pObject->iNumOfVerts);

        // Read in the array of vertices (an array of 3 floats)
        pPreviousChunk->bytesRead += fread(pObject->pVerts, 1, pPreviousChunk->length - pPreviousChunk->bytesRead, m_FilePointer);

        // Now we should have all of the vertices read in.  Because 3D Studio Max
        // Models with the Z-Axis pointing up (strange and ugly I know!), we need
        // to flip the y values with the z values in our vertices.  That way it
        // will be normal, with Y pointing up.  If you prefer to work with Z pointing
        // up, then just delete this next loop.  Also, because we swap the Y and Z
        // we need to negate the Z to make it come out correctly.

        // Go through all of the vertices that we just read and swap the Y and Z values
        for(int i = 0; i < pObject->iNumOfVerts; i++)
        {
                // Store off the Y value
                float fTempY = pObject->pVerts[i].y;

                // Set the Y value to the Z value
                pObject->pVerts[i].y = pObject->pVerts[i].z;

                // Set the Z value to the Y value, 
                // but negative Z because 3D Studio max does the opposite.
                pObject->pVerts[i].z = -fTempY;
        }
}


///////////////////////////////// READ OBJECT MATERIAL \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*
/////
/////   This function reads in the material name assigned to the object and sets the materialID
/////
///////////////////////////////// READ OBJECT MATERIAL \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*

void CLoad3ds::ReadObjectMaterial(C3dModel *pModel, t3dObject *pObject, tChunk *pPreviousChunk)
{
        char strMaterial[255] = {0};                    // This is used to hold the objects material name

        // *What is a material?*  - A material is either the color or the texture map of the object.
        // It can also hold other information like the brightness, shine, etc... Stuff we don't
        // really care about.  We just want the color, or the texture map file name really.

        // Here we read the material name that is assigned to the current object.
        // strMaterial should now have a string of the material name, like "Material #2" etc..
        pPreviousChunk->bytesRead += GetString(strMaterial);

        // Now that we have a material name, we need to go through all of the materials
        // and check the name against each material.  When we find a material in our material
        // list that matches this name we just read in, then we assign the materialID
        // of the object to that material index.  You will notice that we passed in the
        // model to this function.  This is because we need the number of textures.
        // Yes though, we could have just passed in the model and not the object too.

        // Go through all of the textures
        for(int i = 0; i < pModel->numOfMaterials; i++)
        {
                // If the material we just read in matches the current texture name
                if(strcmp(strMaterial, pModel->pMaterials[i].strName) == 0)
                {
                        // Set the material ID to the current index 'i' and stop checking
                        pObject->materialID = i;

                        // Now that we found the material, check if it's a texture map.
                        // If the strFile has a string length of 1 and over it's a texture
                        if(strlen(pModel->pMaterials[i].strFile) > 0) {

                                // Set the object's flag to say it has a texture map to bind.
                                pObject->bHasTexture = true;
                        }       
                        break;
                }
                else
                {
                        // Set the ID to -1 to show there is no material for this object
                        pObject->materialID = -1;
                }
        }

        // Read past the rest of the chunk since we don't care about shared vertices
        // You will notice we subtract the bytes already read in this chunk from the total length.
        pPreviousChunk->bytesRead += fread(gBuffer, 1, pPreviousChunk->length - pPreviousChunk->bytesRead, m_FilePointer);
}                       

// *Note* 
//
// Below are some math functions for calculating vertex normals.  We want vertex normals
// because it makes the lighting look really smooth and life like.  You probably already
// have these functions in the rest of your engine, so you can delete these and call
// your own.  I wanted to add them so I could show how to calculate vertex normals.

//////////////////////////////  Math Functions  ////////////////////////////////*

// This computes the magnitude of a normal.   (magnitude = sqrt(x^2 + y^2 + z^2)
#define Mag(Normal) (sqrt(Normal.x*Normal.x + Normal.y*Normal.y + Normal.z*Normal.z))

// This calculates a vector between 2 points and returns the result
CVector3 Vector(CVector3 vPoint1, CVector3 vPoint2)
{
        CVector3 vVector;                                                       // The variable to hold the resultant vector

        vVector.x = vPoint1.x - vPoint2.x;                      // Subtract point1 and point2 x's
        vVector.y = vPoint1.y - vPoint2.y;                      // Subtract point1 and point2 y's
        vVector.z = vPoint1.z - vPoint2.z;                      // Subtract point1 and point2 z's

        return vVector;                                                         // Return the resultant vector
}

// This adds 2 vectors together and returns the result
CVector3 AddVector(CVector3 vVector1, CVector3 vVector2)
{
        CVector3 vResult;                                                       // The variable to hold the resultant vector
        
        vResult.x = vVector2.x + vVector1.x;            // Add Vector1 and Vector2 x's
        vResult.y = vVector2.y + vVector1.y;            // Add Vector1 and Vector2 y's
        vResult.z = vVector2.z + vVector1.z;            // Add Vector1 and Vector2 z's

        return vResult;                                                         // Return the resultant vector
}

// This divides a vector by a single number (scalar) and returns the result
CVector3 DivideVectorByScaler(CVector3 vVector1, float Scaler)
{
        CVector3 vResult;                                                       // The variable to hold the resultant vector
        
        vResult.x = vVector1.x / Scaler;                        // Divide Vector1's x value by the scaler
        vResult.y = vVector1.y / Scaler;                        // Divide Vector1's y value by the scaler
        vResult.z = vVector1.z / Scaler;                        // Divide Vector1's z value by the scaler

        return vResult;                                                         // Return the resultant vector
}

// This returns the cross product between 2 vectors
CVector3 Cross(CVector3 vVector1, CVector3 vVector2)
{
        CVector3 vCross;                                                                // The vector to hold the cross product
                                                                                                // Get the X value
        vCross.x = ((vVector1.y * vVector2.z) - (vVector1.z * vVector2.y));
                                                                                                // Get the Y value
        vCross.y = ((vVector1.z * vVector2.x) - (vVector1.x * vVector2.z));
                                                                                                // Get the Z value
        vCross.z = ((vVector1.x * vVector2.y) - (vVector1.y * vVector2.x));

        return vCross;                                                          // Return the cross product
}

// This returns the normal of a vector
CVector3 Normalize(CVector3 vNormal)
{
        double Magnitude;                                                       // This holds the magitude                      

        Magnitude = Mag(vNormal);                                       // Get the magnitude

        vNormal.x /= (float)Magnitude;                          // Divide the vector's X by the magnitude
        vNormal.y /= (float)Magnitude;                          // Divide the vector's Y by the magnitude
        vNormal.z /= (float)Magnitude;                          // Divide the vector's Z by the magnitude

        return vNormal;                                                         // Return the normal
}

///////////////////////////////// COMPUTER NORMALS \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*
/////
/////   This function computes the normals and vertex normals of the objects
/////
///////////////////////////////// COMPUTER NORMALS \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\*

void CLoad3ds::ComputeNormals(C3dModel *pModel)
{
        CVector3 vVector1, vVector2, vNormal, vPoly[3];

        // If there are no objects, we can skip this part
        if(pModel->numOfObjects <= 0)
                return;

        // What are vertex normals?  And how are they different from other normals?
        // Well, if you find the normal to a triangle, you are finding a "Face Normal".
        // If you give OpenGL a face normal for lighting, it will make your object look
        // really flat and not very round.  If we find the normal for each vertex, it makes
        // the smooth lighting look.  This also covers up blocky looking objects and they appear
        // to have more polygons than they do.    Basically, what you do is first
        // calculate the face normals, then you take the average of all the normals around each
        // vertex.  It's just averaging.  That way you get a better approximation for that vertex.

        // Go through each of the objects to calculate their normals
        for(int index = 0; index < pModel->numOfObjects; index++)
        {
                // Get the current object
                t3dObject *pObject = &(pModel->pObject[index]);

                // Here we allocate all the memory we need to calculate the normals
                CVector3 *pNormals              = new CVector3 [pObject->iNumOfFaces];
                CVector3 *pTempNormals  = new CVector3 [pObject->iNumOfFaces];
                pObject->pNormals               = new CVector3 [pObject->iNumOfVerts];

                // Go though all of the faces of this object
                for(int i=0; i < pObject->iNumOfFaces; i++)
                {                                                                                               
                        // To cut down LARGE code, we extract the 3 points of this face
                        vPoly[0] = pObject->pVerts[pObject->pFaces[i].vertIndex[0]];
                        vPoly[1] = pObject->pVerts[pObject->pFaces[i].vertIndex[1]];
                        vPoly[2] = pObject->pVerts[pObject->pFaces[i].vertIndex[2]];

                        // Now let's calculate the face normals (Get 2 vectors and find the cross product of those 2)

                        vVector1 = Vector(vPoly[0], vPoly[2]);          // Get the vector of the polygon (we just need 2 sides for the normal)
                        vVector2 = Vector(vPoly[2], vPoly[1]);          // Get a second vector of the polygon

                        vNormal  = Cross(vVector1, vVector2);           // Return the cross product of the 2 vectors (normalize vector, but not a unit vector)
                        pTempNormals[i] = vNormal;                                      // Save the un-normalized normal for the vertex normals
                        vNormal  = Normalize(vNormal);                          // Normalize the cross product to give us the polygons normal

                        pNormals[i] = vNormal;                                          // Assign the normal to the list of normals
                }

                //////////////// Now Get The Vertex Normals /////////////////

                CVector3 vSum = {0.0, 0.0, 0.0};
                CVector3 vZero = vSum;
                int shared=0;

                for (int i = 0; i < pObject->iNumOfVerts; i++)                  // Go through all of the vertices
                {
                        for (int j = 0; j < pObject->iNumOfFaces; j++)  // Go through all of the triangles
                        {                                                                                               // Check if the vertex is shared by another face
                                if (pObject->pFaces[j].vertIndex[0] == i || 
                                        pObject->pFaces[j].vertIndex[1] == i || 
                                        pObject->pFaces[j].vertIndex[2] == i)
                                {
                                        vSum = AddVector(vSum, pTempNormals[j]);// Add the un-normalized normal of the shared face
                                        shared++;                                                               // Increase the number of shared triangles
                                }
                        }      
                        
                        // Get the normal by dividing the sum by the shared.  We negate the shared so it has the normals pointing out.
                        pObject->pNormals[i] = DivideVectorByScaler(vSum, float(-shared));

                        // Normalize the normal for the final vertex normal
                        pObject->pNormals[i] = Normalize(pObject->pNormals[i]); 

                        vSum = vZero;                                                                   // Reset the sum
                        shared = 0;                                                                             // Reset the shared
                }
        
                // Free our memory and start over on the next object
                delete [] pTempNormals;
                delete [] pNormals;
        }
}


/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
// * QUICK NOTES * 
//
// This was a HUGE amount of knowledge and probably the largest tutorial yet!
// In the next tutorial we will show you how to load a text file format called .obj.
// This is the most common 3D file format that almost ANY 3D software will import.
//
// Once again I should point out that the coordinate system of OpenGL and 3DS Max are different.
// Since 3D Studio Max Models with the Z-Axis pointing up (strange and ugly I know! :), 
// we need to flip the y values with the z values in our vertices.  That way it
// will be normal, with Y pointing up.  Also, because we swap the Y and Z we need to negate 
// the Z to make it come out correctly.  This is also explained and done in ReadVertices().
//
// CHUNKS: What is a chunk anyway?
// 
// "The chunk ID is a unique code which identifies the type of data in this chunk 
// and also may indicate the existence of subordinate chunks. The chunk length indicates 
// the length of following data to be associated with this chunk. Note, this may 
// contain more data than just this chunk. If the length of data is greater than that 
// needed to fill in the information for the chunk, additional subordinate chunks are 
// attached to this chunk immediately following any data needed for this chunk, and 
// should be parsed out. These subordinate chunks may themselves contain subordinate chunks. 
// Unfortunately, there is no indication of the length of data, which is owned by the current 
// chunk, only the total length of data attached to the chunk, which means that the only way 
// to parse out subordinate chunks is to know the exact format of the owning chunk. On the 
// other hand, if a chunk is unknown, the parsing program can skip the entire chunk and 
// subordinate chunks in one jump. " - Jeff Lewis (werewolf@worldgate.com)
//
// In a short amount of words, a chunk is defined this way:
// 2 bytes - Stores the chunk ID (OBJECT, MATERIAL, PRIMARY, etc...)
// 4 bytes - Stores the length of that chunk.  That way you know when that
//           chunk is done and there is a new chunk.
//
// So, to start reading the 3DS file, you read the first 2 bytes of it, then
// the length (using fread()).  It should be the PRIMARY chunk, otherwise it isn't
// a .3DS file.  
//
// Below is a list of the order that you will find the chunks and all the know chunks.
// If you go to www.wosit.org you can find a few documents on the 3DS file format.
// You can also take a look at the 3DS Format.rtf that is included with this tutorial.
//
//
//
//      MAIN3DS  (0x4D4D)
//     |
//     +--EDIT3DS  (0x3D3D)
//     |  |
//     |  +--EDIT_MATERIAL (0xAFFF)
//     |  |  |
//     |  |  +--MAT_NAME01 (0xA000) (See mli Doc) 
//     |  |
//     |  +--EDIT_CONFIG1  (0x0100)
//     |  +--EDIT_CONFIG2  (0x3E3D) 
//     |  +--EDIT_VIEW_P1  (0x7012)
//     |  |  |
//     |  |  +--TOP            (0x0001)
//     |  |  +--BOTTOM         (0x0002)
//     |  |  +--LEFT           (0x0003)
//     |  |  +--RIGHT          (0x0004)
//     |  |  +--FRONT          (0x0005) 
//     |  |  +--BACK           (0x0006)
//     |  |  +--USER           (0x0007)
//     |  |  +--CAMERA         (0xFFFF)
//     |  |  +--LIGHT          (0x0009)
//     |  |  +--DISABLED       (0x0010)  
//     |  |  +--BOGUS          (0x0011)
//     |  |
//     |  +--EDIT_VIEW_P2  (0x7011)
//     |  |  |
//     |  |  +--TOP            (0x0001)
//     |  |  +--BOTTOM         (0x0002)
//     |  |  +--LEFT           (0x0003)
//     |  |  +--RIGHT          (0x0004)
//     |  |  +--FRONT          (0x0005) 
//     |  |  +--BACK           (0x0006)
//     |  |  +--USER           (0x0007)
//     |  |  +--CAMERA         (0xFFFF)
//     |  |  +--LIGHT          (0x0009)
//     |  |  +--DISABLED       (0x0010)  
//     |  |  +--BOGUS          (0x0011)
//     |  |
//     |  +--EDIT_VIEW_P3  (0x7020)
//     |  +--EDIT_VIEW1    (0x7001) 
//     |  +--EDIT_BACKGR   (0x1200) 
//     |  +--EDIT_AMBIENT  (0x2100)
//     |  +--EDIT_OBJECT   (0x4000)
//     |  |  |
//     |  |  +--OBJ_TRIMESH   (0x4100)      
//     |  |  |  |
//     |  |  |  +--TRI_VERTEXL          (0x4110) 
//     |  |  |  +--TRI_VERTEXOPTIONS    (0x4111)
//     |  |  |  +--TRI_MAPPINGCOORS     (0x4140) 
//     |  |  |  +--TRI_MAPPINGSTANDARD  (0x4170)
//     |  |  |  +--TRI_FACEL1           (0x4120)
//     |  |  |  |  |
//     |  |  |  |  +--TRI_SMOOTH            (0x4150)   
//     |  |  |  |  +--TRI_MATERIAL          (0x4130)
//     |  |  |  |
//     |  |  |  +--TRI_LOCAL            (0x4160)
//     |  |  |  +--TRI_VISIBLE          (0x4165)
//     |  |  |
//     |  |  +--OBJ_LIGHT    (0x4600)
//     |  |  |  |
//     |  |  |  +--LIT_OFF              (0x4620)
//     |  |  |  +--LIT_SPOT             (0x4610) 
//     |  |  |  +--LIT_UNKNWN01         (0x465A) 
//     |  |  | 
//     |  |  +--OBJ_CAMERA   (0x4700)
//     |  |  |  |
//     |  |  |  +--CAM_UNKNWN01         (0x4710)
//     |  |  |  +--CAM_UNKNWN02         (0x4720)  
//     |  |  |
//     |  |  +--OBJ_UNKNWN01 (0x4710)
//     |  |  +--OBJ_UNKNWN02 (0x4720)
//     |  |
//     |  +--EDIT_UNKNW01  (0x1100)
//     |  +--EDIT_UNKNW02  (0x1201) 
//     |  +--EDIT_UNKNW03  (0x1300)
//     |  +--EDIT_UNKNW04  (0x1400)
//     |  +--EDIT_UNKNW05  (0x1420)
//     |  +--EDIT_UNKNW06  (0x1450)
//     |  +--EDIT_UNKNW07  (0x1500)
//     |  +--EDIT_UNKNW08  (0x2200)
//     |  +--EDIT_UNKNW09  (0x2201)
//     |  +--EDIT_UNKNW10  (0x2210)
//     |  +--EDIT_UNKNW11  (0x2300)
//     |  +--EDIT_UNKNW12  (0x2302)
//     |  +--EDIT_UNKNW13  (0x2000)
//     |  +--EDIT_UNKNW14  (0xAFFF)
//     |
//     +--KEYF3DS (0xB000)
//        |
//        +--KEYF_UNKNWN01 (0xB00A)
//        +--............. (0x7001) ( viewport, same as editor )
//        +--KEYF_FRAMES   (0xB008)
//        +--KEYF_UNKNWN02 (0xB009)
//        +--KEYF_OBJDES   (0xB002)
//           |
//           +--KEYF_OBJHIERARCH  (0xB010)
//           +--KEYF_OBJDUMMYNAME (0xB011)
//           +--KEYF_OBJUNKNWN01  (0xB013)
//           +--KEYF_OBJUNKNWN02  (0xB014)
//           +--KEYF_OBJUNKNWN03  (0xB015)  
//           +--KEYF_OBJPIVOT     (0xB020)  
//           +--KEYF_OBJUNKNWN04  (0xB021)  
//           +--KEYF_OBJUNKNWN05  (0xB022)  
//
// Once you know how to read chunks, all you have to know is the ID you are looking for
// and what data is stored after that ID.  You need to get the file format for that.
// I can give it to you if you want, or you can go to www.wosit.org for several versions.
// Because this is a proprietary format, it isn't a official document.
//
// I know there was a LOT of information blown over, but it is too much knowledge for
// one tutorial.  In the animation tutorial that I eventually will get to, some of
// the things explained here will be explained in more detail.  I do not claim that
// this is the best .3DS tutorial, or even a GOOD one :)  But it is a good start, and there
// isn't much code out there that is simple when it comes to reading .3DS files.
// So far, this is the best I have seen.  That is why I made it :)
// 
// I would like to thank www.wosit.org and Terry Caton (tcaton@umr.edu) for his help on this.
//
// Let me know if this helps you out!
// 
// 
// Ben Humphrey (DigiBen)
// Game Programmer
// DigiBen@GameTutorials.com
// Co-Web Host of www.GameTutorials.com
//
//